Nutritional Idiosyncrasies of the Cat

Despite being equally popular as companion animals, dogs and cats are two very different species with different nutritional requirements. Beyond physiology and behavior, their differences influence how each species metabolizes nutrients and survives on particular diets. A major factor in their nutritional needs is the fact that cats are still strictly carnivores, whereas dogs have evolved to be omnivores.

These animals' dietary differences can be inferred from their evolutionary history. Dogs belong to the Canoidea superfamily, which includes species with a variety of eating habits. Pandas have evolved into herbivores, whereas bears and raccoons are omnivores. Conversely, cats are strict carnivores that are members of the Feloidea superfamily, which also includes genets, hyenas, and other felines. Cats still require animal-based nutrition, but dogs can adapt to a more flexible diet thanks to this evolutionary background.

Cats cannot get all the nutrients they require from plants or plant-based products due to this lineage. Cats must eat animal tissues to obtain vital nutrients such as high protein, taurine, arachidonic acid, and preformed vitamin A. Additionally, because of their distinct metabolism, cats are unable to convert the amino acid tryptophan into niacin or beta-carotene into vitamin A. Compared to dogs, they process glucose and energy differently, and they are extremely sensitive to deficiencies in amino acids like arginine.

Cats have much higher nutritional needs due to these specialized adaptations. Cats need a consistent intake of nutrients derived from animals, in contrast to dogs, who can survive on carefully balanced omnivorous diets. Although it is technically possible to create vegetarian or vegan diets for cats, in order to prevent harmful deficiencies, these diets require careful supplementation with purified taurine, arachidonic acid, and preformed vitamin A. Such diets present serious health risks to cats if they are not carefully planned.

These nutritional peculiarities have a clear practical consequence: cats cannot be fed like small dogs. Respecting their carnivorous nature is crucial because of their high protein needs and requirement for nutrients derived from animals. To guarantee the best possible health and longevity, proper feeding procedures for pet cats must take these variations into consideration.

The dietary requirements of the domestic cat may appear restrictive, but they are a direct result of its evolutionary background. To give our feline friends the best care possible, we must acknowledge and abide by these requirements.

If you want to check out how to feed your cat during pregnancy and other stages of life, please visit our next blog "How Much Should You Feed Your Dog or Cat? A Science-Based Guide"